Chosungira singano chovumbula
Kufotokozera Kwachidule:
1) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza singano ya vacuum ndi chubu chotolera magazi.
2) Pambuyo pa kulera, chonde gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa tsiku lisanafike.
3) Ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha.Musachigwiritse ntchito kachiwiri.
4) Pa thanzi lanu, musagwiritse ntchito lancet yamagazi ndi munthu wina.
Mbiri ya In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) ndi embryo transfer (ET) inayamba cha m’ma 1890 pamene Walter Heape pulofesa ndi dokotala pa yunivesite ya Cambridge, England, anali kuchita kafukufuku wokhudza kubalana kwa mitundu ingapo ya nyama. , inanena za nkhani yoyamba yodziwika ya kuika mwana mluza mwa akalulu, kale kwambiri anthu asananene kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya kubereka kwa anthu.
Mu 1932, 'Dziko Latsopano Lolimba Mtima' linasindikizidwa ndi Aldous Huxley.M'buku lopeka la sayansi ili, Huxley adafotokoza momveka bwino njira ya IVF monga tikudziwira.Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake mu 1937, mkonzi adawonekera mu New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM 1937, 21 October) yomwe ili yoyenera.
"Lingaliro la galasi la wotchi: 'Dziko Latsopano Lolimba Mtima' la Aldous Huxley likhoza kukwaniritsidwa posachedwa. Pincus ndi Enzmann ayambapo sitepe imodzi m'mbuyomo ndi kalulu, kupatula dzira, kuliika feteleza mu galasi la wotchi ndikulibzalanso mu kalulu wina. kusiyana ndi imene inachititsa kuti nyamayo ikhale ndi mimba ndipo zimenezi zachititsa kuti pakhale mimba mwachipambano mwa nyama yosakwatiwa.
Mu 1934 Pincus ndi Enzmann, ochokera ku Laboratory of General Physiology ku Harvard University, adasindikiza pepala mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, kukulitsa kuthekera kwakuti mazira a mammalian amatha kutukuka bwino mu vitro.Zaka khumi ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, mu 1948, Miriam Menken ndi John Rock anatenga ma oocyte opitirira 800 kwa amayi panthawi ya maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana.Okwana zana limodzi ndi makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu mwa oocyte adawonetsedwa ndi spermatozoa in vitro.Mu 1948, adasindikiza zomwe adakumana nazo mu American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Komabe, sizinali mpaka 1959 kuti umboni wosatsutsika wa IVF unapezedwa ndi Chang (Chang MC, Fertilization of rabbit ova in vitro. Nature, 1959 8: 184 (suul 7) 466) yemwe anali woyamba kukwaniritsa kubadwa kwa nyama ( kalulu) ndi IVF.Mazira omwe angotulutsidwa kumenewo adalumikizidwa ndi ubwamuna, mu vitro mwa kulowetsedwa ndi umuna wa capacitated mu botolo laling'ono la Carrel kwa maola 4, motero kutsegulira njira yothandizira kubereka.
